Battle of Gettysburg

Setting the scene

By summer 1863, Lee invaded Pennsylvania to force peace. Union General Meade pursued. The armies collided accidentally at Gettysburg on July 1, 1863.

What happened

The battle raged July 1-3. Confederates pushed Union troops to Cemetery Hill on day one. On day two, attacks on both flanks failed, including Chamberlain's defense of Little Round Top. On day three, Pickett's Charge was repulsed with 50% casualties. Lee retreated July 4.

Why it still matters

Gettysburg was the war's turning point with 51,000 casualties. It ended Lee's invasions. Lincoln's Address four months later redefined the war for equality. The battle preserved the Union and made Confederate independence impossible. Pickett's Charge became the 'high-water mark of the Confederacy.'

Background

Lincoln's Gettysburg Address followed later that year.