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Setting the scene
Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso—known as Pablo Picasso—was born on October 25, 1881, in Málaga, Spain. His father taught drawing; Pablo held his first exhibition at about twelve.
What happened
He moved to Paris, co-founded Cubism with Georges Braque, and painted in Blue and Rose periods before Guernica (1937), protesting the bombing of a Basque town during the Spanish Civil War.
Why it still matters
Picasso produced an estimated 50,000 artworks across painting, sculpture, ceramics, and printmaking, remaining prolific until his death in 1973. Memorable detail: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) shocked viewers with mask-like faces inspired by African sculpture, helping launch modern art's break from realistic perspective.
Background
Guernica and Blue Period works followed.