Setting the scene
Fountain pens smeared and needed refilling; Hungarian journalist László Bíró and his brother György developed a pen that used a rolling ball and quick-drying ink inspired by newspaper presses.
What happened
Bíró ballpoint pens reached stores in 1938, first in Argentina after the brothers fled Europe; the design later licensed to companies including Reynolds and Bic.
Why it still matters
Cheap ballpoints filled office drawers and student backpacks, making disposable writing tools universal. Memorable detail: early models still leaked until manufacturers perfected the ball-and-socket fit.
Background
Cheap pens later filled office drawers worldwide.