ChronoFive
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Setting the scene
French newspaper L'Auto needed circulation against rival Le Vélo and pitched a brutal multi-stage bicycle race around the country to sell copies and showcase the new sport of road racing.
What happened
The first Tour de France was held in July 1903, covering six stages; Maurice Garin won, though early editions were plagued by cheating scandals and fan interference.
Why it still matters
The Tour became cycling's supreme test and a rolling advertisement for France itself, surviving wars and doping eras alike. Memorable detail: only 21 of 60 starters finished that first race.
Background
Maurice Garin won amid early cheating scandals.